Business history
by Gretchen Gavett and Vasundhara Sawhney
April 29, 2025
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Summary.
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There has been no shortage of questions and predictions about the end of middle management—from the pages of HBR in 2011 to the BBC four years later. Despite this, the proportion of middle managers has actually grown, making up 13% of the U.S. labor force in 2022, up from 9.2% in 1983.
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Read more on Business history or related topics Teams, Leading teams, Organizational learning, Management, Managing employees, Managing people, Interpersonal skills and Generative AI